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an ardent patriot

  • 1 acer

    1.
    ăcer, ĕris, n. [kindred with Germ. Ahorn] (f. Serv. ap. Prisc. p. 698 P.), the maple-tree, Plin. 16, 15, 26, § 66 sq.—
    II.
    Transf., the wood of the maple-tree, maplewood, used, on account of its hardness and firmness, for writing-tablets, Plin. 33, 11, 52, § 146; Ov. Am. 1, 11, 28.
    2.
    ācer, cris, cre, adj. (m. acris, Enn.; f. acer, Naev. and Enn.; acrus, a um, Pall.; Veg.; cf. Charis. 63 and 93 P.) [cf. akis, akôn, akmê, akros, ôkus, oxus; Sanscr. acan = dart, acus = swift; Germ. Ecke; Engl. edge, to egg; and with change of quantity, ăcus, acuo, ăceo, ăcies, ăcerbus], sharp, pointed, piercing, and the like.
    I.
    Prop., of the senses and things affecting them, sharp, dazzling, stinging, pungent, fine, piercing:

    praestans valetudine, viribus, formā, acerrimis integerrimisque sensibus,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 15, 45. So,
    a.
    Of the sight:

    acerrimus sensus videndi,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 87, 357:

    acres oculi,

    id. Planc. 27:

    splendor,

    Lucr. 4, 304:

    quidam colores ruboris acerrimi,

    Sen. Q. N. 1, 14 al. —
    b.
    Of the hearing:

    voce increpet acri?

    Lucr. 3, 953:

    aurium mensura, quod est acrius judicium et certius,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 47:

    acrem flammae sonitum,

    Verg. G. 4, 409:

    acri tibiā,

    Hor. C. 1, 12, 1.—
    c.
    Of smell, Lucr. 4, 122:

    exstinctum lumen acri nidore offendit nares,

    id. 6, 792; cf. ib. 1216:

    unguentis minus diu delectemur summa et acerrima suavitate conditis, quam his moderatis,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 25, 99:

    odor,

    Plin. 12, 17, 40.—
    d.
    Of taste: ut vitet acria, ut est sinapi, cepa, allium, Var. ap. Non. 201, 13:

    acres humores,

    sharp juices, Cic. N. D. 2, 23:

    lactuca innatat acri stomacho,

    an acid stomach, Hor. S. 2, 4, 59; cf. ib. 2, 8, 7:

    dulcibus cibis acres acutosque miscere,

    Plin. Ep. 7, 3 al. —
    e.
    Of sensation in its widest extent: aestatem auctumnus sequitur, post acer hiems fit, sharp, severe, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 647 P. (Ann. v. 406 ed. Vahl.—cf. Lucr. 3, 20; 4, 261); and so Hor.: solvitur acris hiems, C. 1. 4, 1. —
    B.
    Of the internal states of the human system, violent, sharp, severe, gnawing:

    fames, Naev. ap. Prisc. l. l. (B. Punic. p. 18 ed. Vahl.): somnus, Enn. ap. Prisc. l. l. (Ann. v. 369): morbus,

    Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 119:

    dolor,

    Lucr. 6, 650:

    sitis,

    Tib. 1, 3, 77 al.
    II.
    Of the states of mind: violent, vehement, passionate, consuming: mors amici subigit, quae mihi est senium multo acerrimum, Att. ap. Non. 2, 22:

    acri ira percitus,

    Lucr. 5, 400: cf. 3, 312;

    6, 754 (on the contrary, 5, 1194: iras acerbas): acres curae,

    Lucr. 3, 463, and Var. ap. Non. 241:

    luctus,

    ib. 87:

    dolor,

    Verg. A. 7, 291:

    metus,

    Lucr. 6, 1211; Verg. A. 1, 362:

    amor,

    Tib. 2, 6, 15:

    acrior ad Venerem cupido,

    Curt. 6, 5 al. (Among unpleasant sensations, acer designates a piercing, wounding by sharpness; but acerbus the rough, harsh, repugnant, repulsive.)—
    B.
    Applied to the intellectual qualities, subtle, acute, penetrating, sagacious, shrewd:

    acrem irritat virtutem animi,

    Lucr. 1, 70:

    acri judicio perpende,

    id. 2, 1041:

    memoria,

    strong, retentive, Cic. de Or. 2, 87:

    vir acri ingenio,

    id. Or. 5; cf. id. Sest. 20 al. —
    C.
    Applied to moral qualities.
    1.
    In a good sense, active, ardent, eager, spirited, brave, zealous:

    milites,

    Cic. Cat. 2, 10:

    civis acerrimus,

    an ardent patriot, id. Fam. 10, 28:

    defensor,

    id. ib. 1, 1:

    studio acriore esse,

    id. de Or. 1, 21:

    jam tum acer curas venientem extendit in annum rusticus,

    Verg. G. 2, 405 al. —
    2.
    In a bad sense, violent, hasty, hot, passionate, fierce, severe (very freq.):

    uxor acerrima,

    enraged, angry, Plaut. Merc. 4, 4, 56; Ter. Ph. 2, 1, 32:

    dominos acres,

    Lucr. 6, 63; Nep. Tim. 3, 5; cf. Bremi Nep. Eum. 11, 1. Also, of animals, Lucr. 4, 421; 5, 860; Verg. A. 4, 156; Hor. Epod. 12, 6; 2, 31; Nep. Eum. 11, 1. —
    D.
    Of abstract things (mostly poet.), Ter. Ph. 2, 2, 32:

    egestas,

    Lucr. 3, 65:

    poenas,

    id. 6, 72:

    impetus,

    ib. 128; 392:

    acerrimum bellum,

    Cic. Balb. 6:

    nox acerrima atque acerbissima,

    id. Sull. 18:

    acrius supplicium,

    id. Cat. 1, 1; in Quint.: acres syllabae, which proceed from short to long, 9, 4.—Acer is constr. with abl., and also (esp. in the histt. of the silv. age) with gen., Vell. 1, 13; Tac. H. 2, 5 al.; cf. Ramsh. § 107, 6 note. With in, Cic. Fam. 8, 15; with inf., Sil. 3, 338.— Adv.: ācrĭter, sharply, strongly, vehemently, eagerly, zealously, etc., in all the signif. of the adj., Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 110; id. Ps. 1, 3, 39; Lucr. 6, 783; Cic. Tusc. 1, 30 al.— Comp., Lucr. 3, 54; 5, 1147; Hor. S. 2, 3, 92; Tac. A. 6, 45; 13, 3.— Sup., Cic. Fl. 11; id. Fam. 10, 28; 15, 4.—Also, ācre, Sall. Fragm. ap. Non. p. 132, 25; App. M. 10, 32; and perh. Pers. 4, 34.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > acer

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